OLD TURKIC
SUMMARY
In Old Turkic, converbs in -(V)p and -y head non-finite syntactically subordinate clauses and their subject generally corefers with the subject of the superordinate clause, i.e. they are same-subject converbs (SS-converbs). Part-whole relations between the subject of the converbial clause and the subject of the superordinate clause also license the converb in -(V)p. Possession is in most cases overtly coded on the possessed subject, but Old Turkic arguably allowed unmarked possessed nouns to participate in switch-reference when in a part-whole relation with another subject.
See also Altai, Bashkir, Forest Enets, Karaim, Khalkha Mongolian, Khanty (Eastern), Khanty (Northern), Kirghiz, Shor, Tundra Enets, Tundra Nenets, Turkish, Tuvan (Altai), Tuvan (Jungar), Tuvan (Todža), Udmurt, Uyghur, Uzbek, Yukaghir (Kolyma), Yukaghir (Tundra).
LANGUAGE PROFILE
EVIDENCE IN SUPPORT OF PIPS
- In available examples, possession is marked directly on the possessed noun through person and number marking of the possessor and thus is inherently internal when there is a pronominal possessor.
- Prominent possessors appear to occupy the same syntactic position as other possessors within the NP.
- Evidence for the internal status of possessors comes from adnominal genitive case-marking on the possessor.
KEY SOURCES
Erdal, Marcel. 2004. A grammar of Old Turkic. Leiden: Brill.
