CUPEÑO
SUMMARY
In switch-reference (SR) constructions in Cupeño, if two subjects are in a part-whole relation, same-subject (SS) marking is obligatory and different-subject (DS) marking is ungrammatical. The possessed subject in such constructions is a body part that idiomatically expresses emotions when combined with certain verbs. Speakers have a choice in using SS- or DS-suffixes in these contexts. The overt expression of possession is required.
LANGUAGE PROFILE
ISO 639-3:
cup
WALS ID:
cup
LOCATION:
Southern California, United States
CO-ORDINATES:
33°17'N, 116°5'W
AFFILIATION:
Uto-Aztencan, California Uto-Aztencan
EVIDENCE IN SUPPORT OF PIPS
- A possessor may be expressed by possessive morphology on the possessed noun alone, and in such cases the expression of the possessor is internal to the same phrase as the possessed.
KEY SOURCES
Hill, Jane H. 2005. A grammar of Cupeño. Berkeley: University of California Publications.
Hill, Jane H. 2016. Takic switch-reference in Uto-Aztecan perspective, in Rik van Gijn & Jeremy Hammond (eds), Switch reference 2.0, 115-152. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
